مرور نیمه نظام‌مند شایستگی دانش‌آموختگان؛ پیوند آموزش عالی با نیازهای صنعت، کارآفرینی و کسب‌وکار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت منابع انسانی، دانشکده مدیریت دولتی و علوم سازمانی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 استاد گروه خط‌مشی و اداره امور عمومی، دانشکده مدیریت دولتی و علوم سازمانی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه رهبری و سرمایه انسانی، دانشکده مدیریت دولتی و علوم سازمانی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

4 استادیار، گروه رهبری و سرمایه انسانی، دانشکده مدیریت دولتی و علوم سازمانی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده
دانشگاه و مؤسسات آموزش عالی نقش محوری در رهبری آموزشی و پرورش دانش‌آموختگان شایسته دارند و یکی از ارکان اصلی در ارتباط با بازار و کارفرمایان محسوب می‌شود، ازاین‌رو با ایفای نقش اثربخش می‌توانند پاسخگوی کسب کار در دنیای آشفته کنونی باشند، بنابراین هدف از پژوهش حاضر مرور و تحلیل دستاورد مطالعاتی است که در این زمینه توسط سایر محققان صورت پذیرفته است، در پژوهش حاضر، از روش مرور نیمه نظام‌مند به‌عنوان رویکردی نوآورانه برای بررسی اسناد و مطالعات مرتبط استفاده شده است. این روش در زمره پژوهش‌های کیفی قرار می‌گیرد. یافته‌ها از طریق مرور مقالات منتشرشده در بازه زمانی ۲۰۱۵ تا ۲۰۲۵ در مجلات دارای چارک‌های ۱ و ۲ به دست آمده است. برای ارزیابی اعتبار مقالات از چک‌لیست CASP استفاده گردید و فرایند غربالگری مقالات با بهره‌گیری از نمودار پریزما انجام شد. جستجوی نظام‌مند با استفاده از عملگرهای بولی در پایگاه‌داده اسکوپوس صورت پذیرفت. ازجمله نوآوری‌های این پژوهش، توجه به شاخص تأثیر استنادی وزنی نسبت به حوزه (FWCI) برای نخستین‌بار در تحلیل‌های مرتبط است. یافته‌های پژوهش حاکی از هفت عنصر اصلی است، مضامین اصلی، شامل شایستگی‌های فردی، ارتباطی، شناختی، مدیریتی، فنی، حرفه‌ای و دیجیتالی است، هر یک از این مضامین اصلی، مجموعه‌ای از مضامین فرعی (24) و شاخص‌های جزئی‌تر (36) را در برمی‌گیرد که به‌صورت یکپارچه، شایستگی دانش‌آموختگان را تعریف می‌کنند، همچنین دستاورد ویژه پژوهش حاضر تحلیل شکاف پژوهش، میزان مشارکت کشورهای مختلف و موضوعات جدید در ارتباط با شایستگی دانش‌آموختگان با استفاده از زبان برنامه‌نویسی R است، که به‌صورت کامل در بخش یافتههای پژوهش موردبحث قرار گرفته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

A Semi-Systematic Review of Graduate Competence; Linking Higher Education with the Needs of Industry, Entrepreneurship, and Business

نویسندگان English

Shabnam Zarjou 1
Seyed Mohammad Moghimi 2
Hamid Reza Yazhani 3
Neda Mohammad Esmaeili 4
1 PhD student in Human Resource Management, Department of Leadership and Human Capital, Faculty of Public Administration and Organizational Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Public Policy and Administration, Faculty of Public Administration and Organizational Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Leadership and Human Capital, Faculty of Public Administration and Organizational Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Leadership and Human Capital, Faculty of Public Administration and Organizational Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Universities and higher education institutions play a pivotal role in educational leadership and the cultivation of competent graduates, serving as a fundamental link to the labor market and employers. Consequently, by fulfilling an effective role, they can meet the demands of businesses in today's turbulent world. Thus, the present study aims to review and analyze the findings of research conducted by other scholars in this field. We employed semi-systematic review methodology as an innovative approach to examine relevant documents and studies. This method falls within the category of qualitative research. The findings were obtained by reviewing articles published between 2015 and 2025 in Q1 and Q2 journals. The CASP checklist was used to assess the validity of the articles, and the PRISMA flow diagram was utilized for the article screening process. The systematic search was conducted using Boolean operators in the Scopus database. A notable innovation of this research is its consideration of the Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) indicator for the first time in related analyses. The research findings indicate seven main elements. The main themes include individual, communication, cognitive, managerial, technical, professional, and digital competencies. Each of these main themes encompasses a set of sub-themes (24) and more detailed indicators (36) that collectively define graduate competency. Furthermore, a distinctive achievement of the present study is the analysis of the research gap, the contribution of different countries, and emerging topics related to graduate competencies, conducted using the R programming language. These are discussed in detail in the findings section of the research.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Competence
educational leadership
graduates
entrepreneurship
business
semi-systematic review
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