Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 PhD student in Human Resource Management, Department of Leadership and Human Capital, Faculty of Public Administration and Organizational Sciences, Faculties of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Public Policy and Administration, Faculty of Public Administration and Organizational Sciences, School of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Leadership and Human Capital, Faculty of Public Administration and Organizational Sciences, School of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
4 Associate Professor, Department of Leadership and Human Capital, Faculty of Public Administration and Organizational Sciences, Faculties of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
Universities and higher education institutions play a pivotal role in educational leadership and the development of qualified graduates, and are considered one of the main pillars in communicating with the market and employers. By playing an effective role, they can respond to business needs in today's turbulent world. Therefore, the purpose of the present research is to review and analyze the findings of studies conducted by other researchers in this field. To this end, a semi-systematic review method was utilized, which is a new and innovative approach for documentary studies and falls under the category of qualitative methods. The research findings, from a review of studies published from 2015 to 2025 in Q1 and Q2 journals, indicate seven main components. These main themes include individual, communicative, cognitive, managerial, technical, professional, and digital competencies. Each of these main themes encompasses a set of sub-themes (24) and more specific indicators (36) that collectively define graduate competencies. Furthermore, a unique outcome of this research is the analysis of the research gap, the level of participation of various countries, and new topics related to graduate competencies using the R programming language, which is fully discussed in the findings section of the research.
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