Review article
Leadership in educational organizations
Fateme Asadi; Mohammad Nori Alamoti
Abstract
Advances in the field of artificial intelligence have presented educational leadership with opportunities and challenges, and the effective use of this technology at a strategic level has been accompanied by conceptual ambiguities and fragmentation in the literature. The aim of the study was to provide ...
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Advances in the field of artificial intelligence have presented educational leadership with opportunities and challenges, and the effective use of this technology at a strategic level has been accompanied by conceptual ambiguities and fragmentation in the literature. The aim of the study was to provide a coherent classification of applications of artificial intelligence in educational leadership. The study was conducted with a systematic review approach and qualitative-inductive analysis. The research population included all studies in the field of artificial intelligence and educational leadership from 2017 to 2025, and the selection of sources was carried out using the PRISMA flowchart in the Scopus, ERIC, and IEEE Xplore databases, and ultimately 32 eligible sources were selected for the content analysis. The findings showed that the applications of artificial intelligence in educational leadership can be classified into ten distinct areas: executive effectiveness, personalized learning, improving teaching practices, decision-making and policy-making, student support, organizational leadership and strategic planning, regulatory oversight, community engagement and communication, ethical leadership in artificial intelligence, and diversity, equity, and inclusion. These domains cover different dimensions of educational leadership and highlight the potential of AI technologies to improve organizational performance, data-driven decision-making, and ensure educational equity. The proposed taxonomy provides a practical framework for administrators, policymakers, and technology developers to design AI deployments in the educational system with a coherent, ethical, and contextual perspective. By conceptually organizing the applications, the present study provides a framework for designing professional development programs and future research in intelligent educational leadership.
Research Paper
Leadership in educational organizations
maryam kahsari; Maryam Safari; Mohammad Mehdi Naderi; Ali Asghar Bayani; Hassan Saemi
Abstract
The present study aimed to design and validate a value-based, skills-oriented curriculum model for leading the first cycle of secondary education in Iran's educational system using an exploratory-sequential mixed-methods approach (qualitative-quantitative). In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews ...
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The present study aimed to design and validate a value-based, skills-oriented curriculum model for leading the first cycle of secondary education in Iran's educational system using an exploratory-sequential mixed-methods approach (qualitative-quantitative). In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 curriculum planning and educational management experts (purposeful sampling continued until theoretical saturation). The data were analyzed using thematic analysis in MAXQDA 2020. In the quantitative phase, a 56-item Likert-scale questionnaire was administered to 382 teachers and principals of the first cycle of secondary education in Golestan province (stratified random sampling, Cochran's formula). The model fit was confirmed using Smart PLS, and a strong overall goodness-of-fit index (GOF=0.854) was obtained. The findings revealed that the proposed model achieved a very high consensus across five dimensions: necessity, objectives, content, teaching-learning methods, and assessment. Notably, there was 100% consensus on cultivating problem-solving skills, preparation for real life, increasing motivation, project-based and collaborative learning, technology integration, performance assessment, continuous feedback, flexible content, and full alignment with societal needs. By emphasizing life and soft skills, moral values, practical activities, and talent discovery, this model transforms students into responsible, creative, and self-confident citizens and effectively bridges the gap between traditional education and real life.
Research Paper
Human resource management and development in educational organizations
Fatemeh Taheri
Abstract
In today's rapidly changing world, organizations need strategies that, in addition to flexibility, strengthen employees' self-leadership capabilities to adapt to changes and new technologies. The aim of the current study is to examine human resource development through self-leadership. The research method ...
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In today's rapidly changing world, organizations need strategies that, in addition to flexibility, strengthen employees' self-leadership capabilities to adapt to changes and new technologies. The aim of the current study is to examine human resource development through self-leadership. The research method is qualitative with a thematic analysis strategy. The statistical sample is 14 experts in the field of human resource management from public universities and educational centers in Tehran province with theoretical knowledge of the subject and with executive backgrounds and practical human resource management experience, who were selected using a purposive snowball sampling method. The criterion for ensuring the adequacy of the statistical sample size is theoretical saturation. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview. The data analysis method is based on thematic analysis through three stages of conceptualization, sub-categorization, and main categorization. Based on the findings, adopting a self-leadership approach with four main themes including personal training and development, career development, development of positive personal behaviors, and organizational development plays a role in human resource development at both individual and organizational levels. To ensure the continuity and continuity of the role of employees' self-leadership, a fifth theme titled systemic and organizational support for self-leadership strategies was identified. The findings indicate that a self-leadership approach focusing on individual and organizational development provides an effective roadmap for human resource development in an era of rapid change. However, the continued success of this strategy requires comprehensive support and backing from organizational systems.
Research Paper
Shalaleh Meraji Oskuie; abbas abbaspour; ali delavar; Abbas Toloie Eshlaghy
Abstract
Transgression refers to a nonnormative attitude, behavior, or condition. One type of transgression is sexual harassment in the workplace, which is a form of gender discrimination. Since Iranian research has rarely dealt with the issue of sexual transgression by faculty members, studying the global literature ...
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Transgression refers to a nonnormative attitude, behavior, or condition. One type of transgression is sexual harassment in the workplace, which is a form of gender discrimination. Since Iranian research has rarely dealt with the issue of sexual transgression by faculty members, studying the global literature can help raise awareness among university leaders, professors, and students. This article, adopting a "gendered power dynamics" approach, and employing a "thematic synthesis" methodology on 14 primary studies, sought to answer the following questions: What are the characteristics and motivations of faculty members who commit sexual transgressions? What are the characteristics of their victims and the consequences of victimization? In the context of gendered power dynamics, the current research has identified the characteristics and motivations of transgressors, as well as the characteristics of victims and their post-victimization behaviors. Policymakers, legislators, and academic leaders can gain a better and broader understanding of the phenomenon of sexual transgressions by faculty members by using these findings. This will help them identify areas that require immediate action or reform.
Research Paper
Leadership in educational organizations
Mehdi Salehi; amirhossein najafi
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify and explain the professional strategies of school principals in order to achieve responsible leadership in the context of Iranian education. This study was conducted using a qualitative approach and a data-based theorizing strategy, based on the constructivist approach ...
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The present study aimed to identify and explain the professional strategies of school principals in order to achieve responsible leadership in the context of Iranian education. This study was conducted using a qualitative approach and a data-based theorizing strategy, based on the constructivist approach of Charms. The participants of the study included 12 principals of public elementary, junior high, and senior high schools in Kermanshah city, who were selected through purposive sampling based on specialized criteria and until theoretical saturation was reached. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using a three-stage coding method (open, axial, and selective). The research findings showed that principals' professional strategies for responsible leadership can be categorized into four main categories: participatory culture (including holding councils, delegating authority, and teacher participation), good communication based on trust (including active listening, empathy, and constructive feedback), resilience to problems (including accepting differences and resisting external interference), and leadership based on moral and professional growth. These strategies emphasize the principal's role as a responsible nurturer, active listener, and participatory leader and can pave the way for rebuilding trust, strengthening educational justice, and improving the school's human environment.
Research Paper
Leadership in educational organizations
faranak mosavi
Abstract
This study examines the meta-composition of women’s leadership in schools and identifies the challenges and opportunities they face. Given the key role of women in educational systems, it is of great importance to understand the factors affecting their leadership, especially in cultural, social, ...
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This study examines the meta-composition of women’s leadership in schools and identifies the challenges and opportunities they face. Given the key role of women in educational systems, it is of great importance to understand the factors affecting their leadership, especially in cultural, social, and organizational contexts. The aim of this study is to analyze and review the results of previous studies on women’s leadership in schools in order to identify common patterns and trends in challenges and opportunities. The statistical population of this study includes all articles published in reputable scientific databases in the field of women’s leadership and education that have been published between 2010 and 2023. The statistical sample was selected from 50 relevant articles using a purposive method. Data collection tools included coding checklists and qualitative data analysis software that helped in data analysis. The results of this study show that women in leadership positions face significant barriers such as gender inequalities, cultural pressures, and lack of social support, which affect their performance and progress. In addition, opportunities have been identified, such as the potential capabilities of women to create positive changes in educational environments and improve the quality of student learning. Finally, this study, as a scientific resource, can help policymakers and education practitioners to identify and reduce barriers, provide better opportunities for women to lead in schools, and utilize their capabilities more effectively.
Research Paper
Faranak Tavakolifar; Ali Khorsandi Taskoh; Hamid Rahimian; Mohammad Taghi Taghavi Fard; Enayatollah Zamanpour
Abstract
Evaluating the performance of school principals is a crucial factor in the process of educational development and reform. The performance of school management is heavily influenced by intelligent tools. The main purpose of this study is to conceptualize and identify the components of intelligent performance ...
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Evaluating the performance of school principals is a crucial factor in the process of educational development and reform. The performance of school management is heavily influenced by intelligent tools. The main purpose of this study is to conceptualize and identify the components of intelligent performance evaluation of school principals. The research method is qualitative in terms of data collection and applied in terms of results. For data collection and information gathering in the qualitative section, the meta-synthesis method and the seven-stage model of Sandelowski and Barroso (2006) were used. To identify and collect credible scientific sources, domestic and international scientific databases were used. The publication period of scientific sources is from 2013 to 2024. Among the sources, 44 articles related to the research topic were reviewed using a targeted search strategy, and 19 articles were selected and analyzed. By combining the content and literature, 105 codes, 45 concepts, and 13 key categories were extracted, analyzed, and validated through calculating Cohen's kappa coefficient. The results showed that the most important factors recognized in intelligent performance evaluation of school principals include: tools and methods, limitations and requirements, components evaluable by intelligent tools, factors affecting the results of intelligent evaluation, stages of implementing intelligent performance evaluation, benefits of intelligent performance evaluation, and differences between intelligent and traditional evaluation. Identifying the dimensions and components of intelligent performance evaluation of school principals can be used as a valuable resource in formulating, developing, and implementing evaluation and management policies in Iranian schools by education policymakers
Research Paper
Policy and decision-making in education
hoda Najafpour; Ehsan Parvin; bijan rezaee
Abstract
The present study aims to reflect on the root inhibitors of employment among university graduates to propose optimal policy solutions. For this purpose, a qualitative approach and descriptive phenomenology method were utilized. The participants included academic and research experts with backgrounds ...
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The present study aims to reflect on the root inhibitors of employment among university graduates to propose optimal policy solutions. For this purpose, a qualitative approach and descriptive phenomenology method were utilized. The participants included academic and research experts with backgrounds in related research fields, selected through purposive snowball sampling, considering theoretical saturation in the findings. Sixteen individuals were chosen. Data collection was carried out using semi-structured interviews, and the obtained data were analyzed using content analysis based on the inductive approach of the Graneheim and Lundman model (2004). The findings indicated that the fundamental issues of higher education graduate employment in Iran are rooted in the misalignment of university programs and curricula with the actual needs and skills of various industry, society, and labor market sectors, the mismatch between the supply and demand levels of graduates with the country's needs, the non-knowledge-based nature of the economy, industries, and market of the country, the prevalence of credentialism culture in education and employment, and the lack of appropriate entrepreneurship culture and education among university graduates. The study encapsulates three basic concepts: First, one of the main reasons for the unemployment of university graduates in Iran is the gap between academic education and the skills required by the labor market. Second, effective interaction with the labor market is considered the missing link in the management of Iran's academic system. Third, the academic education process in Iran emphasizes scientific theories rather than the integration of theory and practice and skill-based training.
Research Paper
Behavior and human relations in educational organizations
ali taghiniya; hamdullah habibi; sadegh maleki avarsin; zarin daneshvar heris
Abstract
The main goal of the current research was to model the structural equations of organizational bullying in medical-educational centers. The current research was a structural equation model in terms of its practical purpose and method of conducting correlational research. The statistical population included ...
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The main goal of the current research was to model the structural equations of organizational bullying in medical-educational centers. The current research was a structural equation model in terms of its practical purpose and method of conducting correlational research. The statistical population included all doctors, nurses and employees working in the educational and medical centers of Tabriz in 1402. A statistical sample of 250 people was selected using available sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, the face validity of which was confirmed by the guidance professors and advisors and 2 professors in the field of measurement and measurement, and its reliability was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 95. was obtained Amos software and structural equation model were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the organizational bullying model included 6 components of unilateral exercise of power, discrimination, unrelated human resource management, abuse of job position and weak enforcement of the law, management based on fear and imposing additional burden and this model is 72. The variable explains organizational bullying. Also, the fit indices of the model show the desirability of the model. The results of this research can be used in formulating regulations to prevent bullying in educational and therapeutic organizations.
Research Paper
Developing the competencies of managers and educational staff
SHabnam Zarjou; Seyed Mohammad Moghimi; Neda Mohammad Esmaeili; Hamid Reza Yazhani
Abstract
Universities and higher education institutions play a pivotal role in educational leadership and the development of qualified graduates, and are considered one of the main pillars in communicating with the market and employers. By playing an effective role, they can respond to business needs in today's ...
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Universities and higher education institutions play a pivotal role in educational leadership and the development of qualified graduates, and are considered one of the main pillars in communicating with the market and employers. By playing an effective role, they can respond to business needs in today's turbulent world. Therefore, the purpose of the present research is to review and analyze the findings of studies conducted by other researchers in this field. To this end, a semi-systematic review method was utilized, which is a new and innovative approach for documentary studies and falls under the category of qualitative methods. The research findings, from a review of studies published from 2015 to 2025 in Q1 and Q2 journals, indicate seven main components. These main themes include individual, communicative, cognitive, managerial, technical, professional, and digital competencies. Each of these main themes encompasses a set of sub-themes (24) and more specific indicators (36) that collectively define graduate competencies. Furthermore, a unique outcome of this research is the analysis of the research gap, the level of participation of various countries, and new topics related to graduate competencies using the R programming language, which is fully discussed in the findings section of the research.
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